Feb 16, · Black widow spiders are infamous for their neurotoxic venom, which can cause extreme and long-lasting pain. This unusual venom is dominated by latrotoxins and latrodectins, two protein families virtually unknown outside of the black widow genus Latrodectus, that are difficult to study given the paucity of spider genomes Nov 25, · This paper describes a novel and promising source of noninvasive spider and insect DNA from spider webs. Using black widow spiders (Latrodectus spp.) fed with house crickets (Acheta domesticus), we successfully extracted, amplified, and sequenced mitochondrial DNA from spider web samples that identified both spider and prey to species. Detectability of spider DNA did not differ This deadly spider 's venom is 14 times more concentrated than a rattlesnake 's. The spiders can be identified by a red hourglass-shaped marking on their abdomens, and they can be found in many places all over the world. Black widows are commonly known as
Spider Web DNA: A New Spin on Noninvasive Genetics of Predator and Prey
Free essays available black widow spider research paper are good but they will not follow the guidelines of your particular writing assignment. If you need a custom term paper on Medicine: Black Widow Spidersyou can hire a black widow spider research paper writer here to write you a high quality authentic essay.
While free essays can be traced by Turnitin plagiarism detection programour custom written essays will pass any plagiarism test. Our writing service will save you time and grade. Adult spiders have two reddish or yellowish triangles on their bottom which looks like an hourglass marking, and their body color is dark colored usually black or sometimes dark brown.
They are usually recognized because of their red or red-orange hourglass design on the bottom of their abdomen. This pattern is changeable and may look like two separated spots.
In some spiders there is no pattern on the abdomen. The immature stages of both sexes of the widow spiders have red or red-orange or yellow spots and strips on the top of their abdomen, black widow spider research paper. Females are colored gray or pale brown. Their color gets darker as they get older.
The hourglass pattern on the underside of the abdomen forms throughout their development. Male widows black widow spider research paper an hourglass pattern too.
When they are full-grown they have large knob-like shapes called pedipalps, which start from the head. But to females they still look the same. Newly hatched spiderlings are white or a yellowish-white, eventually turning blackish when they get older.
Adolescents of both sexes look like the male. Black Widow spiders build loose and uneven mesh-type webs of rough silk in dark places usually outdoors.
And build their webs near the ground sometimes black widow spider research paper of houses but mainly they build them outside. Black Widows can be found near the ground in dark undisturbed areas. Nest sites are near holes made by small animals, or around construction openings and woodpiles. Also they can be found around low shrubs which are usual sites for widow spiders. Black widows are also found inside in dark undisturbed areas like behind furniture or under desks and in undisturbed basement areas and crawl spaces of homes are areas where black widow nests are.
They don't produce a web like the weaving spiders do or the funnel pattern webs that the funnel weaver spider's make. The sack is a pear shaped, and is a creamy yellow, light gray, or light brown in color. They usually lay about to eggs per sac and have 4 to 9 egg sacs made during a summer. But only 1 to 12 young survive after the egg incubation period of about 14 to 30 days because of cannibalism.
Growth requires 2 to 4 months depending on availability of prey during which the females shed 6 to 8 times and the males 3 to 6 times. Females mature 92 days after the egg sac outburst and live for about days, black widow spider research paper, while males mature 71 days after outburst and live for 30 days. Because usually the female eats the male after they mate.
But sometimes if females are well fed, the males get away to mate for another day. The females hang belly upward and very rarely leave the web. In cold weather and droughts it can cause these spiders to go into buildings.
Prey caught in the web include a many different insects cockroaches, flys, and beetles and other arthropods. The female black widow is shy and usually only goes out at night. But when she leaves her web she usually goes far away from her the web. Outbreaks of black widows occur off and on. Some years an area may have thousands of widows and the next year they may be gone.
Certain kinds of habitats such as sand dune areas may have black widows every year. Alternating warm and cold weather during the winter and spring months are harmful to their survival. The venom of the black widow spider is 15 times as toxic as the venom of the prairie rattlesnake. However, only a small amount of the toxin is injected with a single bite by the spider, while the relatively large amount of injected rattlesnake venom results in about 15 to 25 percent mortality among those bitten.
The severity of a person's reaction to the bite depends on where you were bitten, amount black widow spider research paper venom injected and the depth of bite. When a black widow spider bits you it injects a toxin that affects the nervous system. At first, there may be only slight swelling and two faint red spots surrounded by redness at the bite.
Pain may be intense in one to three hours and could stay for up to 48 hours. Pain usually starts from the bitten limb up or down the arm or leg and black widow spider research paper restrict in the abdomen and back, black widow spider research paper. Also muscle and chest pain or tightness in those areas are some common reactions to a black widows toxin. The pain can also spread to the abdomen which causes cramping and nausea. The abdominal muscles may become stiff and board-like with severe cramps.
There can be pain your muscles and soles of the feet and your eyelids may become swollen. Other symptoms include restlessness, anxiety, breathing and speech difficulty, tremors, vomiting and sweating, black widow spider research paper.
Swelling can be noticed in extremities and eyelids but rarely at the place where you are bit. Also there is a sense of discomfort after you are bitten, black widow spider research paper, and some symptoms increase in severity during the first day after you are bit. But symptoms usually get better after two to three days but some mild symptoms can continue for several weeks after you have recovered.
The bite that is usually the most dangerous a female bite. Although it is very painful, fatalities from untreated black widow bites are uncommon. During todeath ranged from 4 to 5 percent, black widow spider research paper, but current medical treatments have reduced this to a smaller percentage. Death usually results from respiratory paralysis. People with a history of high blood pressure are at the greatest risk. But immediate medical treatment can reduce the danger from widow bites and has reduced fatalities to very low rates in recent years.
However, this spider is considered the most venomous spider in North America, black widow spider research paper. If you are bitten stay calm, get the spider, if you can for positive identification and because of the possible severity of black widow bites you should get immediate medical attention is important. If you apply an antiseptic such as iodine or hydrogen peroxide prevents infection. Physicians can inject calcium gluconate to help the effects of the toxin so it is less harmful, black widow spider research paper.
This helps support levels of calcium salts that are low by the effects of a bite. You can also get black widow antiserum. Since the toxin moves quickly through the body trying to suck out the poison doesn't work.
People younger than 16 and older than 60, especially those with a heart condition might have to stay at a hospital. The black widow spider is shy and usually not aggressive and bites can be rare even when there are lots of them. The adult female spiders usually stay in their webs unless they have to because of the temperature or if their web gets destroyed. They do not search for food and they eat the insects they get in their webs and are eaten when they get to them. Human bites happen when the spider is black widow spider research paper their web if it is brushed against or accidentally pinched.
Occasionally, bites occur from hungry widow spiders when a hand or foot is flopped in front of the nest. Before there was indoor plumbing bites were usual in outhouses, usually on the males genitals. To control the problem of black widows check areas in and around your home where black widows may be found. If you find one it can be killed by crushing or vacuuming the wed and spider, using protective way. Increasing the amount of light in dark areas also can discourage spiders.
Also insecticides can work for spider control but it doesn't control all spiders. If you do put down insecticide put it in the dark undisturbed areas where spiders are usually found. Insecticides also can be used to stop spider migrations into houses by spraying around the outside of the foundation and lower story windows. Do it before cold weather because that forces spiders into homes to find protection. The insecticide black widow spider research paper is the most widely used product to control spiders around the house.
Chlorpyrifos remain effective for several weeks if is not exposed to light and moisture. But pyrethrin is used specifically for black widow spiders.
To help prevent anyone from getting harmed by black widows, you should tell everyone in your family to learn about black widows so they can identify and avoid them. It is also a good idea to wear gloves and a long-sleeved shirt when working in spider infested areas. Remove trash, old boxes, piles of lumber, old rubble piles and other unwanted things from under or around houses and outbuildings.
Do not go barefoot or handle firewood without gloves, black widow spider research paper. Put up screens on doors and windows to prevent them from getting in. Seal or caulk cracks and crevices where spiders can get in the house. And wash off the outside of the house or building especially around window wells and other undisturbed places where they black widow spider research paper webs.
There are also several other kinds of widow spiders. I listed them below and briefly gave you some information. Although there are three distinct species, they share similar physical and life-history characteristics. The adult female's body is usually 0. The male is much smaller, with a length of, black widow spider research paper.
The male is shy and rarely seen by humans. The females are generally not aggressive unless they see a threat or are guarding an egg sac.
Black Widow Spider Bites - How Painful is it (What Actually Happens to Your Body)?
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Essay Adult black widow spiders have a shiny, black, rounded, circular abdomen and are about 1/3 inch long (about /2 inches when their legs are spread). Adult spiders have two reddish or yellowish triangles on their bottom which looks like an hourglass marking, and their body color is dark colored usually black or sometimes dark brown Nov 24, · Black Widow Spiders Research Paper Adult black widow spiders have a shiny, black, rounded, circular abdomen and are about 1/3 inch long (about /2 inches when their legs are spread). Adult spiders have two reddish or yellowish triangles on their bottom which looks like an hourglass marking, and their body color is dark colored usually black or sometimes dark brown Black Widow Spider Research Paper. Words2 Pages. Black widows are ruthless and deadly,so deadly that there hasn’t been ever one black widow spider bite fatality in the U.S. in ten years! I was actually one of the people that got bit by a spider, and I thought I was going to die, and in that moment, I wished I had time to say I love you to all my family members because I actually thought that it was
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